Three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter based on the SOGI filter and Lyapunov function for DC bus control

The three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter (SAPF) was developed to suppress the harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads, and for the compensation of unbalanced nonlinear load currents, reactive power, and the harmonic neutral current. In this work, we consider instantaneous reactive power theory (PQ theory) for reference current identification based on the following two algorithms: the classic low-pass filter (LPF) and the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter. Furthermore, since an important process in SAPF control is the regulation of the DC bus voltage at the capacitor, a new controller based on the Lyapunov function is also proposed. A complete simulation of the resultant active filtering system confirms its validity, which uses the SOGI filter to extract the reference currents from the distorted line currents, compared with the traditional PQ theory based on LPF. In addition, the simulation performed also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach, for DC bus voltage control based on the Lyapunov function, compared with the traditional proportional-integral (PI) controller. Both novel approaches contribute towards an improvement in the overall performance of the system, which consists of a small rise and settling time, a very low or nonexistent overshoot, and the minimization of the total harmonic distortion (THD).     

影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素

目的寻找影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素,并找到相应的提升改进方法。方法以液体硅橡胶为基体,通过燃烧橡胶条熏附、添加纳米SiO2粉末混合和喷洒纳米SiO2粉末附着这三种不同方式,来制备超疏水表面涂层。通过改变纳米粉末的加入方式、加入质量,研究疏水性的最佳条件。并通过光学显微镜测量静态接触角评价表面疏水性能,寻找影响其疏水性的因素。结果最佳的方法为熏烧的烟尘附于液体硅橡胶涂层表面,大多数试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达159°,平均值150°,静态接触角提高40°以上;次之为均匀喷洒纳米SiO2粉末,部分试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高为145°,平均值135.5°,静态接触角提高30°~40°;简单搅拌混合的提升效果最差,没有试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达124°,平均值108.5°,静态接触角只提高5°~15°。结论构建超疏水涂层的关键在于能否成功构建出微纳米的二级微观结构,简单的物理混合、搅拌会使纳米粉末被覆盖掉,无法表现出其特性。涂层的疏水能力与接触周围的实际微观长度有关。     

阳极导电材料对铁钨锡合金粉电解铁的影响

研究阳极导电材料碳素钢、316L不锈钢、铅钙合金、石墨、钛涂钌板、钛板和铜板在硫酸盐和氯盐体系中对铁钨锡合金粉电解铁的影响。结果表明:电解24 h,上述阳极导电材料在氯盐中的阴极电流效率为90%、90%、66%、66%、54%、49%、33%,在硫酸盐中的阴极电流效率为90%、87%、82%、81%、73%、68%、54%。槽电压均逐渐升高,在氯盐体系中,石墨、铅钙合金、钛涂钌板和钛板作阳极导电材料时,电解液pH逐渐降低;碳素钢、316L不锈钢和铜板作阳极导电材料时,电解液pH逐渐升高。在硫酸盐体系中,铜板和碳素钢作阳极导电材料时,电解液pH基本不变;316L不锈钢作阳极导电材料时,pH逐渐升高;铅钙合金、石墨和钛板作阳极导电材料时,pH先升高后降低。基于槽电压、阴极电流效率,选择适宜的电解体系为硫酸盐体系,该体系中适宜的阳极导电材料为铅钙合金。     

不同海拔条件下柴油机撞壁喷雾燃烧特性的可视化研究

使用定容燃烧弹模拟一款重型柴油机在海拔0m、3 000m和4 500m条件下运行时缸内的热力学状态,利用多种成像技术实现了撞壁燃烧过程的可视化,研究了不同海拔对撞壁喷雾燃烧的高温着火、火焰传播和碳烟生成特性的影响。结果表明,海拔从0m升高到4 500m,撞壁着火延迟从0.55ms延长到0.88ms,撞壁着火距离从20.38mm增大到26.87mm,高海拔对撞壁着火过程有明显的抑制效果;撞壁火焰呈现圆盘状火焰形态,火焰发展进入稳定阶段后,由于前锋区域的涡流强度增大,撞壁火焰铺展高度、撞壁火焰铺展宽度和撞壁火焰面积都随海拔升高而增大,但在火焰发展初期,由于撞壁平板的冷却作用,撞壁火焰尺寸在海拔升高到4 500m时减小;空间积分火焰亮度和时间积分火焰亮度均随海拔升高而增大,海拔升高到4 500m时碳烟生成速率和氧化速率均增大。     

Maximum power point tracking supported proton exchange membrane fuel cell based intelligent dynamic voltage restorer

In modern era, electrical power utilities are more concerned about power quality. In this endeavour, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) provides adequate support to the system. Accordingly, the present work illustrates intelligent hybrid control mechanism for DVR. Artificial neural network (ANN) is incorporated to obtain real-time optimal gains under distinct voltage situations. Closed loop type 2 fuzzy logic (CLT2-FL) is also realized in order to assist the ANN supported unit concomitantly. In order to enhance the potential of the present DVR, a CLT2-FL controlled maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based proton exchange membrane fuel cell arrangement is also explored in the present study. CLT2-FL module is adopted in DC-DC converter topology to provide simultaneous supply to the loads at different and regulated voltage levels. Consequently, the results are evaluated and compared to the state-of-the-arts which unveil the efficacy of the implemented controller against the oddity seen in the voltage waveform, thereby, exhibiting better voltage regulation and less harmonics. The effectiveness of the implemented MPPT unit from the viewpoints of convergence speed and oscillations is also established.     

基于粒子群优化的超声共振谱法测量材料弹性常数

超声共振谱法是一种基于材料样品的自由共振频率,再反推其弹性常数的高精度材料力学属性求取方法,该方法在高Q值(品质因素)固体材料的弹性常数计算方面应用广泛。然而对于具有较高黏弹性阻尼的材料来说,受共振谱线平缓、共振频率提取困难等影响,该方法的应用存在一定困难。建立了关于弹性常数的贝叶斯模型,结合粒子群优化(PSO)的全局搜索能力,寻找弹性常数的最大后验概率密度点,最终实现材料的弹性估计。测量了皮质骨模拟材料的弹性常数,与传统方法相比较,基于PSO的超声共振谱方法对弹性常数初始值不敏感,可用于高阻尼材料弹性常数的测量。     

Effects of electrical parameters and their interactions on plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on aluminum substrates

Based on orthogonal experiments, the effects of voltage, frequency, duty ratio and their interactions on the thickness and corrosion resistance of coatings prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on aluminum in an alkaline silicate-containing electrolyte were investigated. The thicknesses of these coatings were obtained by measuring their cross-section using Image J software. Their corrosion resistances were evaluated in HCl and NaCl media through spot test and electrochemical test. The results show that the experimental design of this study is the key to investigate the interactions among these electrical parameters. Additionally, not only each independent factor, but also their interactions exhibit a remarkable influence on the coatings. The combination of high voltage, low frequency and large duty ratio significantly increases the coating thickness and content of the corrosion resistance phase, and thus improves the corrosion resistance of the coating in HNO₃ medium. Conversely, the coating possessing the densest microstructure and best corrosion resistance in NaCl medium is obtained when low voltage and high frequency match with a small duty ratio.     

高导热高介电BT/SiC/PA6复合材料的制备及性能研究

以聚酰胺(PA6)为基体,氮化硅(SiC)为导热填料,钛酸钡(BT)为介电填料,通过热压法制备出系列复合材料;研究了不同粒径填料的搭配对材料导热与介电性能的影响。结果表明:在填充量较低时,使用混合粒径导热填料能产生一定的级配效应,从而提高复合材料的导热性能。总填充量为26%时,以4∶1的比例,用粒径为0.5~0.7μm和3μm的SiC共同填充PA6,制备获得了最高导热系数为0.9198W/(m·K)的复合材料,而不同粒径、不同功能的混合功能填料还能产生协同效应,进一步提升材料的导热性能并使材料同时获得较好的介电性能,当SiC填充量为20%,BT填充量为20%时,复合材料的导热系数达到1.1110W/(m·K),介电常数到达16(100Hz),损耗保持在0.075(100Hz)左右。     

电压对电刷镀三价铬镀层性能的影响

在45钢表面电刷镀得到三价铬镀层,镀液组成和工艺条件为:Cr2(SO4)36H2O 0.4 mol/L,甲酸铵0.5 mol/L,氨基乙酸0.5 mol/L,H3BO30.6 mol/L,NaH2PO2 H2O 0.3 mol/L,pH=1.5,温度50°C,镀笔移动速率15 cm/s。研究了电压对镀铬层显微结构、表面粗糙度、厚度、显微硬度和耐磨性的影响。随电压增大,镀层厚度增大,显微硬度和耐磨性均先提高后降低。电压为14 V时,镀层的表面平整,粗糙度为2.387μm,显微硬度为602 HV,耐磨性最好。